Securing the building in the event of land slide movements, part 1

In other cases of threat to monuments as a result of violation of the natural stability of the ground, the sliding movements of the slopes are particularly difficult and complicated. The main cause of these movements is the action of gravity under the right conditions.

The surface movement of earth masses usually arises as a consequence: the geological structure of the slope favoring this phenomenon, tectonic movements, excessive static or dynamic load, harmful water conditions, in particular, dampness with surface water seeping through the higher-lying permeable soils and, consequently, a change in the consistency of the soil, the destructive effect of thermal stresses caused by temperature changes, especially on exposed slopes, undermining or washing the base of the slope, imbalance in the conduct of earthworks and many other reasons.

The consequences of the removal processes are very dangerous for the buildings within their range. They also caused the destruction of many valuable buildings from ancient times. For example, you can mention, that in 1853 r. due to the removal of the highest point of the rock, so-called. "Dorotka", the oldest tower of the castle in Pieskowa Skała collapsed.

Out of a handful of cases, which took place in Poland after the Second World War, the creation and liquidation of the Warsaw escarpment chute in the vicinity of the church of St.. Anna.

St. Anne's ChurchProtection of the church of St.. Anna in Warsaw, XV—XVIII w.: a) projection of the church with the arrangement of tie rods, bolts and clamps, b) cross-section, c) longitudinal section 1 - bowstrings 2 ∅ 32, 2 - anchors 2 ∅ 32 (at the level of the nave), 3 - reinforced concrete clamp 5 ∅ 50, 4 - bowstrings 2 ∅ 32, 5 - bowstrings 2 ∅ 50 (in the underground level), 6 - features

St.. Anna at Krakowskie Przedmieście, founded in 1454 r. over its history, it has undergone significant compositional and structural changes. Subsequent reconstructions in different periods created a sacred building with an interesting interior and shape. The gothic presbytery and beautiful interiors covered with various vaults have been preserved to this day’ construction epochs. The main nave was rebuilt in the patches 1660-1667 in the baroque style, while the main elevation, rebuilt in 1788 r. according to the design of P. Aignera i S. K. Potocki, belongs to the most elegant facades of Polish classicism.

The month of March 1949 r, during the works carried out in connection with the construction of the W-Z route, it was noticed, that the church building began to draw. After two months, the scratches and cracks in the building were already so dangerous, that there was no doubt, that they increase due to deformation of the structure, caused by the catastrophic sliding of the slope.

The Warsaw Escarpment has shown a tendency to slide down for a long time. As early as in the 15th century, during the construction of the foundations for the aforementioned church, serious difficulties were encountered. In the second half of the 17th century. during the reconstruction of the church, the foundations were deepened and strengthened. These works sufficiently protected the object from the influence of slow ground deformation until an alarming situation arose.